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Перевод «flax linen» на русский
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Словарь
flax linen существительное
мн. flax linens
льняное полотно ср.р. (Текстильная промышленность)
Контексты
The vegetable oil most rich in it is made of flax . Самое богатое им растительное масло — льняное.
Don’t wash your dirty linen in public. Не мойте своё бельё в общественном месте.
What’s particularly interesting about this cloth is that it’s woven from nettle, rather than the flax and hemp that were more commonly produced. Однако найденная материя интересна еще и тем, что она была соткана из волокон крапивы, а не изо льна или конопли, которые использовались для этих целей гораздо чаще.
I want something in linen . Я хотел бы посмотреть что-нибудь из льна .
It’s got flax seed, protein powder, kale, and three different kinds of rum. У нас тут семена льна , протеин, капуста и три различных вида рома.
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Перевод «flax» на русский
Они должны быть созданы из полностью натуральных материалов: из чистого пчелиного воска и льняной или хлопковой нити.
The figure is not comparable with the flax industry, where acreage is 50000-60000 ha.
Цифра не сопоставима с льняной отраслью, где площадь посева составляет 50000-60000 га.
Many women are interested in how to apply flax oil to hair.
Многих женщин интересует, как применять льняное масло для волос.
The vegetable oil most rich in it is made of flax.
Самое богатое им растительное масло — льняное.
To cook from the seeds of flax kissel and porridge, drink several times a day.
Готовить из семян льна кисели и каши, пить несколько раз в день.
The process of oil formation in flax begins from the moment of flowering and continues until full maturation.
Маслообразовательный процесс у льна начинается с момента цветения и продолжается до полного созревания.
In developed countries wood pulps and flax are the main products with environmental advantages used as a substitute for asbestos.
В развитых странах основными продуктами с экологическими преимуществами, которые используются вместо асбеста, являются древесная масса и лен.
In addition, flax products are excellent means of preventing and treating not only diabetes, but also other diseases.
Кроме того, продукты из льна являются отличными средствами профилактики и лечения не только диабета, но и других заболеваний.
Warm and light colors of hotel rooms, wood, flax — all of this represents the boundless beauty of our country’s nature.
Тёплые и светлые тона номеров отеля, дерево, лён — все это олицетворяет безграничную по красоте природу нашей страны.
Research shows that more than 20 kg of flax plants was needed to produce enough material to make a tunic.
Исследования показывают, что для получения достаточного количества материала для изготовления туники требуется более 20 кг льна.
All textiles should be natural — from cotton and flax.
Весь текстиль должен быть натуральным — из хлопка и льна.
The village is also famous for its traditional industries such as flax and cotton production and there is a strong tradition of weaving here.
Деревня известна своими традиционными отраслями, такими как производство льна и хлопка, и здесь существует сильная традиция ткачества.
According to the modern technology of flax stem receive different quality long fiber scutching and treated waste scutching — short fiber.
По современной технологии из льняного стебля получают различное по качеству длинное трепаное волокно и обработанные отходы трепания — короткое волокно.
Horticulture was practised; the main crops being oats, wheat and barley, although flax was also grown for making linen.
Практиковалось растениеводство; основными культурами были овес, пшеница и ячмень, также выращивали лен для производства ткани.
Twine from flax, a cotton, polypropylene, polyamide, polyester and their mixes.
Шпагаты из льна, хлопка, полипропилена, полиамида, полиэстера и их смесей.
And perhaps we should try flax instead of corn this year in the north pasture.
И, думаю, в этом году на северном пастбище нам надо посадить лен вместо зерна.
Optimal substrates for them — flax and cotton.
Оптимальные субстраты для них — лен и хлопок.
After all, for example, to velvet, cottonand adding fabrics and flax need to use exclusively dry cleaning.
Ведь, к примеру, для бархата, хлопка и тканей с добавлением льна нужно использовать исключительно сухую чистку.
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Что такое flax
Flax plant
Flax is an erect annual plant growing to 1.2 m tall, with slender stems. The leaves are glaucous green, slender lanceolate, 20-40 mm long and 3 mm broad. The flowers are pure pale blue, 15-25 mm diameter, with five petals. The fruit is a round, dry capsule 5-9 mm diameter, containing several glossy brown seeds shaped like an apple pip, 4-7 mm long. Clumps of delicate foliage give way to true blue flowers in the summer. They are commonly used as a wildflower. Flax is easy to grow. As wildflowers, they require little care. In the home garden, mulch around them to help retain soil moisture, and to keep the weeds down. Prune plants to promote good air circulation.
Types of Flax
There are two main types of flax grown worldwide: fibre flax and seed flax. These two types of flax have radically different applications. Fibre flax is mainly grown in Europe today. It is used primarily for retting agricultural fields and small bodies of water as well as creating fabrics and threads used in upholstery, fish nets and
twine.
Seed flax is grown worldwide for its oilseed. The seed is grown for human and animal consumption. The oils can be consumed and used to manufacture paints, varnishes, linoleum, oilcloths, printing inks, soaps, and numerous other products. The seed meal that remains after the seeds have been pressed for oil are high in protein and can be used to enrich livestock feeds.
Flax leaves are glaucous green, slender lanceolate, 20-40 mm long and 3 mm broad. The flowers are pure pale blue, 15-25 mm diameter, with five petals.
Cultivation
The major fibre flax-producing countries are Canada, USA and China, though there is also significant production in India and throughout Europe. The most suitable soils for flax, are deep friable loams, and containing a large proportion of organic matter. Heavy clays are unsuitable.
Flax are grown from seeds. Flax prefer rich soil to grow. Mix in compost when planting, if your soil is not rich. Keep the soil moist, not wet. Add a general purpose fertilizer when planting them, then once a month after that. Within six weeks of sowing, the plant will reach 10-15 cm in height, and will grow several centimetres per day under its optimal growth conditions, reaching 70-80 cm within fifteen days. Flax is harvested for fibre production after approximately 100 days, a month after the plant flowers and two weeks after the seed capsules form. The base of the plant will begin to turn yellow; if the plant is still green the seed will not be useful, and the fiber will be underdeveloped. The fiber degrades once the plant is brown. The mature plant is pulled up with the roots (not cut), so as to maximize the fiber length. After this the flax is allowed to dry, the seeds are removed, and is then retted. Dependent upon climatic conditions, characteristics of the sown flax and fields, the flax remains in the ground between 2 weeks and 2 months for retting. As a result of alternating rain and the sun, an enzymatic action degrades the pectins which bind fibres to the straw. The farmers turn over the straw during retting to evenly rett the stalks. When the straw is retted and sufficiently dry, it is rolled up. It will then be stored by farmers before scutching to extract fibres.
Flax grown for seed is allowed to mature until the seed capsules are yellow and just starting to split; it is then harvested by combine harvester and dried to extract the seed.
Insect and Disease
Flax is susceptible to a wide variety of fungal diseases, blights and rusts. Pruning plants to increase air circulation, keeping water off the plant, and promoting overall health will help to minimize plant disease. Treat as needed with a fungicide.
Flax seeds
Flax seeds come in two basic varieties, brown and yellow or golden, with most types having similar nutritional values and equal amounts of short-chain omega-3 fatty acids. The yellow flax called Linola or solin,
which has very low in omega-3. Flax seeds produce a vegetable oil known as flaxseed or linseed oil; it is one of the oldest commercial oils and solvent-processed flax seed oil has been used for centuries as a drying oil in painting and varnishing.
Excessive consumption of flax seeds can cause diarrhea. Flax seeds are chemically stable while whole, and milled flaxseed can be stored at least 4 months at room temperature with minimal or no changes in taste, smell, or chemical markers of rancidity.
Threshing: Threshing is the process of removing the seeds from the rest of the plant. The process is divided into two parts: the first part is intended for the farmer, or flax-grower, to bring the flax into a fit state for general or common purposes. This is performed by three machines: one for threshing out the seed, one for breaking and separating the straw (stem) from the fibre, and one for further separating the broken straw and matter from the fibre. In some cases the farmers thrash out the seed in their own mill and therefore, in such cases, the first machine will be unnecessary.
The second part of the process is intended for the manufacturer to bring the flax into a state for the very finest purposes, such as lace, cambric, damask, and very fine linen. This second part is performed by the refining machine only.
Flax Fiber
Flax fibers are amongst the oldest fiber crops in the world. fiber is soft, lustrous and flexible. It is stronger than cotton fiber but less elastic. The best grades are used for linen fabrics such as damasks, lace and sheeting. Coarser grades are used for the manufacturing of twine and rope. Flax fiber is also a raw material for the high- quality paper industry for the use of printed banknotes and rolling paper for cigarettes. Flax mills for spinning flaxen yarn were invented by John Kendrew and Thomas Porthouse of Darlington in 1787.
Before the flax fibers can be spun into linen, they must be separated from the rest of the stalk. The first step in this process is called «retting». Retting is the process of rotting away the inner stalk, leaving the outer fibres
intact. At this point there is still straw, or coarse fibers, remaining. To remove these the flax is «broken», the straw is broken up into small, short bits, while the actual fiber is left unharmed, then «scutched», where the straw is scraped away from the fiber, and then pulled through «hackles», which act like combs and comb the straw out of the fiber.
There are several methods of retting flax. It can be retted in a pond, stream, field or a container. When the retting is complete the bundles of flax feel soft and slimy, and quite a few fibres are standing out from the stalks. When wrapped around a finger the inner woody part springs away from the fibres.
Dressing the flax: Dressing the flax is the term given to removing the straw from the fibers. It consists of three steps, breaking, scutching, and heckling. The breaking breaks up the straw, then some of the straw is scraped from the fibers in the scutching process, then the fiber is pulled through heckles to remove the last bits of straw.
Uses of Flax
Ideal Food: Flax seeds contain a high quality protein and rich in soluble fiber. The combination of the oil and the fiber makes flaxseeds an ideal laxative. Flax seeds contain vitamins B1, B2, C, E, and carotene. These seeds also contain iron, zinc, and trace amounts of potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, vitamin E and carotene. Flax seeds contain over a hundred times more of a phytonutrient, known as lignin, than any of its closest competitors, such as wheat bran, buckwheat, rye, millet, oats, and soybeans.
In addition to nutritious fats, flax seeds contain other nutrients which make eating the whole seed superior to consuming just the extracted oil. Flax seed promotes cardiovascular health. The high levels of omega-3 fatty acids helps to lower LDL (bad) cholesterol levels. Other benefits show that flax seed may also help lower blood triglyceride and blood pressure. It may also keep platelets from becoming sticky therefore reducing the risk of a heart attack. Its high content of alpha linolenic acids has made the ancient flax seed become our modern miracle food. Alpha linolenic acid is a type of plant-derived omega 3 fatty acid, similar to those found in fish such as salmon.
Medicinal use: Flax seeds contain high levels of lignans and Omega-3 fatty acids. Lignans may benefit the heart, possess anti-cancer properties and studies performed on mice found reduced growth in specific types of tumours. Initial studies suggest that flaxseed taken in the diet may benefit individuals with certain types of breast and prostate cancers. Flax may also lessen the severity of diabetes by stabilizing blood-sugar levels. There is some support for the use of flax seed as a laxative due to its dietary fiber content though excessive consumption without liquid can result in intestinal blockage.
Flax provides fats that are precursors for brain building. Flax seed benefits patients who seem to have dry skin or eczemaand helps to lessen the severity of diabetes by stabilizing blood-sugar levels. Its oil high in essential fatty acids, increases the body’s metabolic rate, helping to weight control programs. Flax has been scientifically proven to treat some cases of depression, can improve the mental function of many old age, can help in the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis, proven to improve the behavior of Schizophrenics. Raw flax seed contains the chemical hydrogen cyanide (HCN) or cyanogenic glucosides which can be toxic if consumed in large quantities.